Evaluation of antimicrobial activities of Harmine, Harmaline, Nicotine and their complexes

Harmine, Harmaline, Nicotine and its various complexes synthesized have been characterized by physical, spectral and analytical methods and curtained for in-vitro antimicrobial activity against different bacterial and fungal species at two different concentrations i.e.100micro g/100micro l and 200micro g/100micro l dose level respectively. Analysis showed that Nicotine, Zinc-Nico, Cd-Nico, Hg-Nico, Ni-Nico, Cu-Nico, Co-Nico, Harmine, and Harmaline having conc. of 100ug/ 100ul had antibacterial activity on zero, 5, 4, 10, zero, 5, 7, zero, zero strain of bacteria having an average of zero [SD=0.0000], 15.2000 [SD=1.30384], 18.2500 [SD=3.30404], 20.2000 [SD=1.39841], zero [SD=0.0000], 14.6000 [SD=0.89443], 15.8571 [SD=1.34519], zero [SD=0.0000], zero [SD=0.0000] respectively. Zinc [II] chloride, Cadmium [II] Iodide, Mercury [II] chloride, Nickel [II] chloride, Copper [II] chloride, Cobalt [II] chloride, Mercury [II] chloride, Mercury [II] harmine, Mercury [II] harmaline at 100ug/100ul is valid for 7, 8, 9, 2, 7, 8, 9, 10, 8 strains of bacteria with an average of 7.1429 [SD=1.06904], 10.0000 [SD=5.01427], 14.8889 [SD=6.00925], 6.0000 [SD=0.0000], 8.5714 [SD=4.27618], 8.2500 [SD=0.88641], 14.8889 [SD=6.00925], 18.6000 [SD=2.45855], 18.5000 [SD=1.85164] respectively. The above given compounds at the conc. of 200 micro g/100ul is valid for 10, 9, 10, 8, 8, 10, 10, 10, 10 strains of bacteria with an average of 8.1 [SD=1.66333], 11.7778 [SD=5.28625], 16.1000 [SD=6.36745], 6.5000 [SD=0.92582], 9.7500 [SD=4.43203], 9.9000 [SD=2.76687], 16.1000 [SD=6.36745], 22.0000 [SD=2.44949], 20.4000 [SD=2.75681] respectively. The above given compounds at conc. of 200 micro g/100ul showed antibacterial action on 3, 8, 8, 10, 3, 9, 8, zero, 3 strains of bacteria with an average of 14[SD=0.000], 16.8750 [SD=1.35620], 18.2500 [SD=3.45378], 22.7000 [SD=1.82878], 14.3333 [SD=0.57735], 16.7778 [SD=1.71594], zero [SD=0.000], 12.0000 [SD=1.00000] respectively. Hence according to the average value of the zone of inhibition, maximum antibacterial activity at 100-200ug/100ul is of Hg-Nico and Mercury salt; Mercury [II] harmine having an average of 20.2000 [SD=1.39841]-22.7000 [SD=1.82878] and 18.6000 [SD=2.45855]-22.0000 [SD=2.44949]. Minimum antibacterial activity at 100-200ug/100ul is Nicotine100, Nicotine-Nico100, Harmine 100,Harmaline 100, Harmine 200 having zero average [SD=0.000]

Antipyretic and anticonvulsant activity of n-hexane fraction of Viola betonicifolia

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the antipyretic and anticonvulsant activities of n-hexane fraction of Viola betonicifolia (V. betonicifolia).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The antipyretic effect was scrutinized using brewer's yeast induced pyrexia and anticonvlsion effect was tested using pentylenetetrazol and strychnine induced convulsion in mice.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>N-hexane fraction of V. betonicifolia demonstrated highly significant antipyretic activity during various assessment times (1-5 h) when challenged in yeast induced pyrexia test. The effect was in a dose dependent manner with maximum attenuation (82.50%) observed at 300 mg/kg i.p. When tested in pentylenetetrazol induced convulsion test, the 1st stage (Ear and facial twitching) and 2nd stage (Convulsive wave through the body) was 100% protected during 24 h at all the test doses (300, 400 and 500 mg/kg i.p.), while the latency time of remaining stages was significantly increased. The maximum effect was observed by n-hexane fraction of V. betonicifolia at 400 and 500 mg/kg i.p., as the latency time for generalized clonic-tonic seizure (5th stage) was increased up to 25.34 min. However, n-hexane fraction of V. betonicifolia had no protection in strychnine induced convulsion test.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>In conclusion, phytopharmacological studies provide scientific foundation to the folk uses of the plant in the treatment of pyrexia and neurological disorders.</p>